Vanessa Williams is the 1st African American Miss

America to be crowned.

U.S. Constitution approved at Philadelphia convention with three clauses protecting slavery.

Hampton Institute was founded, 1861

First day school for freedmen founded at Fortress Monroe, Va., with a Black teacher, Mary Peake.

Ground is broken for the Harold Washington wing of the DuSable Museum in Chicago, Illinois. Founded by artist and poet Margaret T. Burroughs in 1961, the DuSable is one of the oldest African American museums in the U.S.

Founder of the Associated Negro Press, Claude A Barnett was born, 1889

Harriet Tubman (1821 - 1913)  led over 200 slaves to freedom as a conductor on the Underground Railroad. Contemporaries called her Moses and General Tubman in praise of her bravery and leadership. Frederick Douglass lauded Tubmans courage by saying,  Excepting John Brown -- of sacred memory -- I know of no one who has willingly encountered more perils and hardships to serve our enslaved people than [Harriet Tubman]. Radical abolitionist John Brown agreed and characterized Tubman as one of the bravest persons on this continent.

In 1821, Tubman was born into slavery on a plantation in Dorchester County, Maryland. Harriets name at birth was Araminta Ross. When she was 11, Araminta chose a new name to signal her coming of age: her mothers name, Harriet. At age five, young Harriet began working as a house slave, doing chores like weaving. When she was 12, her master moved her into the fields to work.

Harriet was brave and confident from an early age. As a teenager, Harriet moved to defend a fellow slave from the violence of an overseer, taking a blow from a heavy weight that was thrown at her compatriot. Harriet suffered the effects of this head injury for the rest of her life. In addition to a scar, Harriet experienced uncontrollable spells of sleep.

Harriet took the surname Tubman when she married John Tubman in 1844. John was free, and he never understood why his wife longed to escape to the North for her freedom.

They parted ways when she finally escaped.

In 1849, the master of Harriets plantation died, and she began to worry that all of the slaves on the plantation would be sold. Slaves who lived in upper-South states like Maryland lived in fear of being sold away from their families to the Deep South. Harriet made the decision to escape.

On September 17, 1849, Tubman ran away with two of her brothers, Ben and Henry. A reward of $300 was offered for the return of Tubman and her brothers. Fearful, her brothers returned to the plantation. But Tubman refused.

Using the Underground Railroad, Tubman

The Flip Wilson Show premieres on NBC. It is the first prime time variety show starring an African American male since the Nat King Cole Show.

The Battle of Antietam, fought on September 17, 1862, produced the most casualties of any single day in the Civil War. The battle was a draw and neither the Union nor the Confederacy came out ahead. Nevertheless, this battle gave President Lincoln the fuel and momentum to issue one of the most important documents in American History.

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Rube Foster , byname of Andrew Foster (born September 17, 1879, Calvert, Texas, U.

In Fortress Monroe, American Missonary Association school was established, VA, 1861

Gen. George B. McClellan checked Robert E. Lees Northern advance at Battle of Antietam.

Illinois becomes the first state to honor Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.s birthday as a holiday

Julia premieres on NBC with Diahann Carroll in the title role. It is the first modern television show to star an African American woman since Beulah in the 1950s.