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[Tunis Afrique Presse] Tunis/Tunisia -- The Civil Collective for Individual Freedoms, made up of a number of organisations, said the state must abide by its national and international human rights commitments.
In May, Burundi held a presidential election which was won by Evariste Ndayishimiye, candidate of the ruling National Council for the Defense of Democracy - Forces for the Defense of Democracy (CNDD-FDD) party.
Ndayishimiye was hurriedly sworn in after the untimely death of president Pierre Nkurunziza in June.
Rights violations continue
The Council encouraged donor countries which had suspended aid to Burundi to continue dialogue towards resumption of development assistance.
A report by a UN watchdog in September said human rights violations were still being committed in Burundi, including sexual violence and murder.
The country was plunged into a crisis in April 2015 when Ndayishimiye’s predecessor Pierre Nkurunziza decided to run for a controversial third term, which he ultimately won in July 2015.
His candidature, which was opposed by the opposition and civil society groups, resulted in a wave of protests, violence and even a failed coup in May 2015.
Hundreds of people were killed and over 300,000 fled to neighboring countries.
In the article below, Syracuse University historian Herbert Ruffin explores the rapid rise of the Black Lives Matter Movement as the most recent development in the ongoing struggle for racial and social justice in the United States.
In the summer of 2013, three community organizers Alicia Garza, a domestic worker rights organizer in Oakland, California; Patrisse Cullors, an anti-police violence organizer in Los Angeles, California; and Opal Tometi, an immigration rights organizer in Phoenix, Arizona, founded the Black Lives Matter movement in cyberspace as a sociopolitical media forum, giving it the hashtag #BlackLivesMatter. The idea came when the three, who became aware of each other through Black Organizing for Leadership & Dignity (BOLD), a national organization that trains community organizers, all responded similarly to the July 2013 acquittal of neighborhood watch coordinator George Zimmerman by a Sanford, Florida, jury for the murder of seventeen-year-old Trayvon Martin. Angered and deeply burdened by the verdict, members in BOLD social forums began asking the organization’s leaders how they were going respond to the assault on and devaluation of black lives. Garza wrote a Facebook post which she titled “A Love Note to Black People” calling on them to “get active,” “get organized,” and “fight back.” For Garza, the injustice targeting black people was a disease called institutional racism that could not be defeated by just voting, being educated, and pulling oneself up with strapless boots. She ended by telling her readers that she loves them and that “Our Lives Matter, Black Lives Matter.” Cullors responded to the post with the hashtag “#BlackLivesMatter.” Tometi added her support and a new organization was born.
Black Lives Matter, like Dream Defenders in Daytona Beach, Florida, Million Hoodies Movement for Justice in Washington D.C., and Baltimore Bloc in Baltimore, Maryland, was one of many freedom rights groups formed during the protest for George Zimmerman’s arrest and trial. Unlike most other
Libya stretches along the northeast coast of Africa between Tunisia and Algeria on the west and Egypt on the east; to the south are the Sudan, Chad, and Niger. It is one-sixth larger than Alaska. Much of the country lies within the Sahara. Along the Mediterranean coast and farther inland is arable plateau land.
Military dictatorship.
The first inhabitants of Libya were Berber tribes. In the 7th century B.C., Phoenicians colonized the eastern section of Libya, called Cyrenaica, and Greeks colonized the western portion, called Tripolitania. Tripolitania was for a time under Carthaginian control. It became part of the Roman Empire from 46 B.C. to A.D. 436, after which it was sacked by the Vandals. Cyrenaica belonged to the Roman Empire from the 1st century B.C. until its decline, after which it was invaded by Arab forces in 642. Beginning in the 16th century, both Tripolitania and Cyrenaica nominally became part of the Ottoman Empire.
Tripolitania was one of the outposts for the Barbary pirates who raided Mediterranean merchant ships or required them to pay tribute. In 1801, the pasha of Tripoli raised the price of tribute, which led to the Tripolitan war with the United States. When the peace treaty was signed on June 4, 1805, U.S. ships no longer had to pay tribute to Tripoli.
Following the outbreak of hostilities between Italy and Turkey in 1911, Italian troops occupied Tripoli. Libyans continued to fight the Italians until 1914, by which time Italy controlled most of the land. Italy formally united Tripolitania and Cyrenaica in 1934 as the colony of Libya.
Libya was the scene of much desert fighting during World War II. After the fall of Tripoli on Jan. 23, 1943, it came under Allied administration. In 1949, the UN voted that Libya should become independent, and in 1951 it became the United Kingdom of Libya. Oil was discovered in the impoverished country in 1958 and eventually transformed its economy.
On Sept. 1, 1969, 27-year-old Col. Muammar al-Qaddafi deposed the king and revolutionized the country, making
*No new Covid-19 cases have been registered in Tunisia for the past five days, the country’s authorities said Friday, after a further easing of the curfew, and the reopening of supermarkets throughout the country.
In view of the slowdown of the pandemic in Tunisia, authorities allowed the reopening of all supermarkets and souks on Friday but called for the respect of hygiene measures.
On Wednesday, President Kais Saied announced a further easing of the night curfew.
Imposed since 22 March, the curfew had already been shortened by two hours at the end of April.
Tunisia began lifting some of the strict containment measures on 4 May, but authorities are still calling for vigilance, respect for hygiene, physical distancing and the wearing of masks.
Tunis/Tunisia — The first unit of for the recovery of construction and demolition waste will be created soon in the governorate of Gabes, with a capacity of nearly 400 thousand tonnes per year, Environment Minister Chokri Ben Hassan said on Tuesday.
The minister added, on the fringes of a meeting on the last phase of a study on the sustainable management of construction and demolition waste Tunisia has large volumes of waste estimated at 15 million tonnes per year.
The study underway shows the construction and demolition waste management system is seen as one of projects with high efficiency as the selling prices of recycled materials is estimated at 13 dinars / m3, while the prices of new materials extracted from quarries vary between 1 and 14 dinars / m3.
Funded by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), the survey showed that demolition and construction waste can be re-used in manufacturing new materials which meet technical standards, such as sidewalks, paving of agricultural tracks...
The sustainable management of this waste will help reduce arbitrary landfills, reduce the exploitation of quarries, protect natural resources and establish a culture of partnership between the private and public sectors.
It also encourages private companies to get engaged in this system of upgrading waste which will help cut the cost of real-estate projects.
Tunis/Tunisia — The Cabinet meeting held Thursday in Kasbah under the chairmanship of Prime Minister Elyes Fakhfakh approved a series of draft laws and decree-laws.
It relates to the finalization of the Decree-Law No. 11-2020, dated April 17, 2020, on the revision of taxes and duties imposed on personal protective products and their inputs, in order to prevent the spread of the COVID-19.
The second draft decree relates to the amendment and finalisation of the decree-law No. 3 of April 14, 2020, of the Prime Minister laying down exceptional and provisional social measures to support certain categories of self-employed workers affected by the repercussions generated by the implementation of measures of general lockdown to prevent the spread of the coronavirus.
The meeting also approved a draft decree on the revision of Decree-Law No. 184 of April 27, 2020 on setting the conditions required to benefit from exceptional allowances to support certain categories of self-employed workers affected by the lockdown imposed as part of the COVID-19 health crisis.
The second decree-law concerns the approval of the final reports of the committee tasked with surveying and delimiting lands under the state private domain in the governorate of Kasserine.
Tunis/Tunisia — The Tunisian tax system favours the unfairest forms of taxation, penalises the country's middle and lower classes, in addition to depriving the state of significant income, this is the finding made by the report published Wednesday by the anti-poverty organization \"Oxfam\" Tunisia.
The 46-page report highlights the contribution of the Tunisian tax system to the deepening of inequalities among Tunisians.
The report also dwells on the deterioration of public services, noting that \"under the impetus of austerity policies encouraged by the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the shares of education and health expenditure in the state budget fell sharply between 2011 and 2019, from 26.6% to 17.7% for education and from 6.6% to 5% for health respectively\".
For Oxfam, the pandemic, which has exposed the fragility of the public health system, is an opportunity for the government to carry out an ambitious reform of the tax system in order to meet its obligation of fiscal justice.
The report proposes recommendations for initiating a real dialogue on the issue and introducing in-depth reforms to the Tunisian tax system.
[Tunis Afrique Presse] Tunis/Tunisia -- A news briefing was held Thursday by phone with Major General Andrew M. Rohling, U.S. Army Southern European Task Force, Africa commander and U.S. Army Europe and Africa deputy commanding general, during which he discussed the Exercise African Lion 21 and the U.S. commitment to regional stability in North Africa.
Despite the disruption caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and prolonged border closures between countries, some people still swapped South Africa for Australia in 2020.
Home
Global African History Timelines: To 1800
Global African American History Timelines:
To 1800
After 1801
This timeline covers all the events not listed on the African American History or African American History in the West timelines.
Year Events SubjectCountryEra
5-2.5 million BCE Skeletal remains uncovered suggest the Rift Valley in East Africa is home to the earliest human ancestors. 00-01 Early Human Ancestors
Ethiopia
1492-1600
4-2.7 million BCE Hominid species Australopithicus afarensis lived in the Hadar region of Ethiopia, including Lucy, the famous skeletal remains found in 1974. 00-01a Early Human Ancestors
600,000 to 200,000 BCE Period of migration across the African continent and out of Africa to Asia and Europe. Fire is first used during this period. 00-01aa African Migration
n.a.
6000-4000 BCE Spread of agriculture across Africa. River societies emerge along the Nile, Niger, and Congo Rivers. 00-01ab African Migration
5000 BCE (ca.) Egyptian agriculturalists develop irrigation and animal husbandry to transform the lower Nile Valley. The rise in the food supply generates a rapidly increasing population. Agricultural surpluses and growing wealth allow specialization including glass making, pottery, metallurgy, weaving, woodworking, leather making, and masonry. 00-02 Ancient Egypt
Egypt
4500 BCE (ca.) Egyptians begin using burial texts to accompany their dead into the afterlife. This is the first evidence of written texts anywhere in the world. 00-03 Ancient Egypt
4000 BCE (ca.) Egypt emerges as a centralized state and flourishing civilization. 00-04 Ancient Egypt
2700-1087 BCE (ca.) Period of the Old Kingdom, Middle Kingdom, and New Kingdom of Ancient Egypt and Northeastern Africa. 00-05 Ancient Egypt
2500 BCE (ca.) Other civilizations emerge in Mesopotamia, northern China,
Tripoli has been the capital of Libya since its independence in 1951. Tripoli is the largest city in the country and in 2002 it had an estimated population of 1,223,300 people. The city is also the chief seaport, commercial, transport, communication, and industrial center of Libya. Tripoli is located on the Mediterranean Sea and the surrounding countryside is in one of the most fertile agricultural areas in North Africa.
The city of Tripoli was originally named Oea by the Phoenicians who had founded it in the 7th century BCE. It was later developed by the Romans who controlled it from the 2nd century BCE to the 4th century AD. The Arabs conquered Tripoli in the 7th century AD and used it as northern terminus for some of the major Trans-Saharan trade routes south to the empires of Mali and Songhai.
The city was captured by Ottoman Turks in 1551 but they found it difficult to maintain control and by the late 17th Century it became a haven for pirates. In fact the first U.S. involvement with Tripoli came in June 1801 when President Thomas Jefferson sent the U.S. Navy into the Mediterranean Sea to protect American merchant ships from pirates from the Barbary Coast (now Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia, and Libya). Although the U.S. had been paying tribute since 1796, when Tripoli’s leaders demanded a huge increase, the President refused and instead sent the Navy against the pirates. In August 1804 the U.S. Navy returned to the region and engaged in a major naval battle with pirates in Tripoli’s harbor. The final conflict between the U.S. and Tripoli over tribute and ransom demands ended in 1815.
In 1911, Italy seized Tripoli from its Ottoman rulers and made it the capital of its colony of Libya. Under the Italians Tripoli received its first hospital, airport, and railroad. They also introduced the Tripoli International Fair in 1927, considered the oldest trade fair in Africa.
During World War II Tripoli was an important base for German and Italian forces operating in North Africa. As such the city was a bombing
Tunisian President Kais Saied said his country would not accept a divided Libya at a news conference with French President Emmanuel Macron in Paris Monday.
Saied is the first head of state to visit France since the country’s de-confinement due to the pandemic.
And I will say it from this podium, in Paris, that Tunis will not accept the division of Libya.
And I will say it from this podium, in Paris, that Tunis will not accept the division of Libya”, he said.
Libya has been in turmoil since 2011, when a NATO-backed uprising overthrew leader Muammar Gaddafi, who was later killed.
The bodies of about 20 migrants from sub-Saharan Africa were recovered from waters off Tunisia, a legal official said, as a search was launched for 30 others.
The coast guard recovered the bodies and a search was launched with divers.
Ali Ayadi, a regional health director spoke to the press: “The 22 bodies were received from the Habib Bourguiba University Hospital.
Other migrants had told authorities the victims were probably passengers on a boat that set off for Italy last Thursday night with 53 people on board.
Illegal crossings from Tunisia to Europe jumped by more than 150 percent in January to April 2010 compared to the same period last year, according to the UN’s refugee agency.
In June 1940, as fighting was winding down in France, the pace of operations quickened in the Mediterranean. The area was vital for Britain, which needed to maintain access to the Suez Canal in order to remain in close contact with the rest of its empire. Following Italys declaration of war on Britain and France, Italian troops quickly seized British Somaliland in the Horn of Africa and laid siege to the island of Malta.
They also began a series of probing attacks from Libya into British-held Egypt.
That fall, British forces went on the offensive against the Italians. On November 12, aircraft flying from HMS Illustrious struck the Italian naval base at Taranto, sinking a battleship and damaging two others. During the attack, the British only lost two aircraft. In North Africa, General Archibald Wavell launched a major attack in December, Operation Compass, which drove the Italians out of Egypt and captured over 100,000 prisoners. The following month, Wavell dispatched troops south and cleared the Italians from the Horn of Africa.
Concerned by Italian leader Benito Mussolinis lack of progress in Africa and the Balkans, Adolf Hitler authorized German troops to enter the region to assist their ally in February 1941. Despite a naval victory over the Italians at the Battle of Cape Matapan (March 27-29, 1941), the British position in the region was weakening.
With British troops sent north from Africa to aid Greece, Wavell was unable to stop a new German offensive in North Africa and was driven back out of Libya by General Erwin Rommel. By the end of May, both Greece and Crete had also fallen to German forces.
On June 15, Wavell sought to regain the momentum in North Africa and launched Operation Battleaxe.
Designed to push the German Afrika Korps out of Eastern Cyrenaica and relieve the besieged British troops at Tobruk, the operation was a total failure as Wavells attacks were broken on the German defenses. Angered by Wavells lack of success, Prime Minister Winston Churchill removed him and assigned General
Jamaica's Culture Minister Olivia 'Babsy' Grange has renewed her thrust to retrieve post-colonial Taino wooden sculptures being housed at the British Museum in the United Kingdom.
At least 20 people were killed in March 2015 when gunmen went on a shooting spree at the National Bardo Museum in the capital, Tunis. Security forces killed two of the gunmen, Yassine Laabidi and Hatem Khachnaoui. Officials said they believe an accomplice escaped. The Islamic State and a smaller extremist group, Okba Ibn Nafaa, claimed responsibility for the attack. The victims were passengers of a cruise ship, and Tunisian authorities believe the gunmen targeted the countrys tourism industry, a substantial source of revenue for Tunisia.
They wanted to attack an economic sector that is very important for Tunisia, a sector that is already in difficulties, and try to sink once and for all the economic development of the country, said Prime Minister Habib Essid.
On June 26, 2015, a gunman, identified as 23-year-old Seifeddine Rezgui, opened fire at the Port El Kantaoui resort, killing 38 tourists. It was the second attack on tourists in Tunisia in three months. The Islamic State claimed responsibility for both attacks.
See also Encyclopedia: Tunisia .
U.S. State Dept. Country Notes: Tunisia
National Statistics Institute (In French only) www.ins.nat.tn/ .
[Tunis Afrique Presse] Tunis/Tunisia -- Tunisia is the 5th African country and the 2nd in North Africa, after Morocco, in terms of the number of administered COVID-19 vaccines (1.5 million so far), Health Minister Faouzi Mehdi said Friday.
Arrived at the end of his lease with Saoudian club Al Shabab, Tunisian international goalkeeper Farouk Ben Mustapha could back to his country .
It seems that several clubs want to appropriate themselves the Tunisian keeper .
Esperance de Tunis is in frontline of these courters because of the will of Ben Cherifa to leave Tunis .
Another pretending is Etoile du Sahel which would have approached the goalkeeper .
But for the concerned, a turn back will depend on his own decison
In a declaration to Saoudian press, Ben Mustapha said every thing clearly about his future : \"I'm still under contract with Al Shabab (which he rejoined in 2017) to which I give priority .
[Tunis Afrique Presse] Tunis/Tunisia -- US Ambassador to Tunisia Donald Blome reaffirmed the US administration's support to Tunisia in the field of border security, training and technical assistance.
