In 2019, when a boatload of indigenous Venezuelans – Warao people – left for Trinidad, the trip became a matter of life or death.
They would have preferred to stay in their forested home community of Mariusa, away from the hustle and bustle of "civilisation." But the ongoing crisis in Venezuela has reached indigenous communities in the jungles, threatening their existence and forcing them to leave.
A Warao group spoke to Sunday Newsday, saying their people are on the brink of extinction.
The Warao were one of Venezuela's largest indigenous groups. They are found mainly in Delta Amacuro state, one of the closest points to Trinidad.
The group shared perspectives on their traditional way of life and their struggles to adapt to life in Trinidad.
The Warao, also referred to as boat or canoe people, have been chiefly self-sustaining, with little or no help from the authorities.
Father of two Palacio Quinones, 34, worked as a fisherman and a Spanish/Warao teacher in Mariusa in Delta Amacuro.
Quinones, who cannot speak English, said many people in the community have never been to other parts of the country. He, however, has visited different areas, including Bolivar State.
Speaking in Spanish, he explained that his wife was seven months pregnant in April 2019 when members of the Guardia Nacional began shooting at a boat, killing her and her seven-year-old sister.
"There were about 20 people of different ages fishing in the river where they opened fire without warning," Quinones said.
"Maybe they thought it was bandits. The (Orinoco) river has become dangerous.
[caption id="attachment_907407" align="alignnone" width="1024"] Nala Mende Mendoza, three, covers her face using the hands of her one-year-old brother Noe at a house in south Trinidad. -[/caption]
"But for hundreds of years, it has always been normal to fish and to see groups of people fishing."
He spoke on behalf of the Warao.
Quinones, his two daughters Genesis and Beatriz, and other Warao made the clandestine trip in September 2019. Many people in the community had already fled to Brazil and other neighbouring countries.
The only person they knew here was a fisherman.
"There are about 45 indigenous tribes in Venezuela. They speak their own languages," he said.
August 9 was International Day of the World's Indigenous Peoples, as declared by the UN General Assembly in December 1994.
In 2002, then-president Hugo Chavez declared October 12 is Indigenous Resistance Day in Venezuela. This national holiday honours the contributions made by the indigenous people, highlighting their struggles. It replaced Race Day, which celebrated Christopher Columbus.
But even in their country, indigenous people, as a minority group, still face discrimination, Quinones said. Many non-indigenous countrymen still refer to them as Indians.
"We are not Indians!" Quinones and another Warao, said in unison.
Their houses, which do not have electricity, are calledpalafitos (overwater bungalows). They mainly have open-plan homes.
[caption id="attachme
