Politician Elvin R. Caldwell Sr. was born on April 11, 1919 in Denver, Colorado. Raised in Five Points, Denver’s predominantly black community, Caldwell was one of 12 children in his family. After graduating from Eastside High School in 1937, Caldwell earned a track scholarship to the University of Colorado and then transferred to the University of Denver, graduating in 1941.

During World War II Caldwell worked as a Chief Statistician for the Remington Arms Company. This munitions manufacturer had 19,500 employees and produced 6.5 million rounds a day during the height of the conflict. After the end of the war, many Denver blacks who had been employed in the war economy were displaced and faced issues of racial discrimination from the larger community. This discriminatory environment led Caldwell into local politics.

In 1950 Caldwell, then 31, was elected to the Colorado House of Representatives as a Democrat. Caldwell remained a member of the House until 1955. During his time in the legislature, he served on the House Services, Railroads, and Appropriations committees. In 1955, Caldwell was elected to the Denver City Council after facing six primary opponents for the position. With his election Caldwell became the first African American to hold a city council seat west of the Mississippi. He was also elected council president five times.

Through his time as a Denver city councilmember, Caldwell fought vigorously for equal opportunity in housing and employment. In reaction to the postwar federal programs that largely ignored access to home mortgages to blacks, Caldwell supported funding for the Skyline Urban Renewal Project and for the Denver General Hospital Facility, both seen as projects that improved life for Denver’s minority communities. Caldwell also led efforts to pass the Fair Employment Practices Act in Colorado. This measure immediately provided employment opportunities within Denver’s law enforcement and judiciary, which had previously barred nonwhites from participating. Caldwell’s last

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