New York Gov. Andrew Cuomo, New Jersey Gov. Phil Murphy and Connecticut Gov. Ned Lamont said the travel advisory applies to anyone coming from a state with a transmission rate above 10 per 100,000 people on a seven-day rolling average or 10 percent of the total population testing positive on a seven-day rolling average.

"We have to make sure the virus doesn't come in on a plane," Cuomo said.

"We worked very hard to get the viral transmission rate down, and we don't want to see it go up," he added.

Cuomo said each of the three states will be responsible for its own enforcement. As of Wednesday, the advisory applies to Alabama, Arkansas, Arizona, Florida, North Carolina, South Carolina, Washington, Utah and Texas.

Fines for not quarantining are $2,000 for the first violation, $5,000 for the second violation, and $10,000 if you cause harm, Cuomo said.

The announcement is a 180-degree flip from just a few months ago, when the tri-state area, and New York City in particular, was the epicenter of the pandemic.

In late March, President Donald Trump considered placing the three states under quarantine, Rhode Island police stopped vehicles with New York license plates, and Florida directed all travelers from the tri-state area to isolate or quarantine for two weeks.

Months of strict lockdown rules, widespread testing and imperfect attempts at contact tracing have brought cases under control in the tri-state area and the region. New cases are on the decline this past week compared to the week before in New York, New Jersey and Connecticut.

But now, states in the South and West are seeing what Dr. Anthony Fauci, a member of the White House coronavirus task force, called a "disturbing surge" in cases. As of Wednesday, 26 states reported an increase in cases in the past week compared to the week prior, and that increase has been particularly stark in heavily populated states like California, Texas, Florida and Arizona.

Beacuse of that, Gov. Cuomo suggested travel restrictions would be forthcoming in an interview with CNN on Monday.

"I'm getting calls all day long, people from Florida (and) Texas, saying, 'We want to be in New York because we're afraid to be in Texas and Florida.' That could actually increase our transmission rate," he said.

"I would consider states with the highest transmission rate, that if somebody comes from that state to New York there's a period of quarantine where they quarantine themselves to make sure they are not spreading it."

Lack of national infrastructure

The interstate travel restrictions are just another consequence of the federal government's inability to create a robust national public health infrastructure. The lack of nationwide rules and effective supply chains has largely left each state on its own and had the effect of pitting them against each other.

Even now, 19 states have no requirements for residents to wear facemasks -- the simplest and cheapest layer of defense against a virus with no vaccine a

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